Signature® Technology
The Signature® technology is optimized for the rapid multiplex analysis of nucleic
acid sequences. Up to 100 DNA or RNA targets can be detected in a single reaction.
With medium density capability and a streamlined workflow, the Signature products
allow for rapid detection of multiple analytes in a single assay, increase the number
of assays available on a single platform, and reduce the overall turn around time.
Following extraction of nucleic acids from the specimen of interest, the Signature
procedure consists of three simple steps (Figure 1):
- Multiplex PCR amplification (or RT-PCR in the case of RNA-based assays)
- Hybridization of PCR products onto specific capture probes
- Multiplex detection of probe-bound PCR products
These simple steps require minimal hands-on time, with results available in less
than 6 hours. A typical workflow is shown in the schematic below.
Figure 1: Example of Signature Workflow for Rapid Multiplex RT-PCR Amplification
and Detection
For RNA-based assays, the first step in the procedure is to perform a multiplex
reverse transcription for all targets of interest. The resulting cDNAs are then
amplified in a single multiplex PCR reaction using PCR primers specific for each
individual cDNA. The resulting PCR products, or amplicons, are then hybridized to
sequence specific oligonucleotides immobilized onto beads, and analyzed on the Luminex®
100TM IS or 200TM System. This procedure is illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Illustration of the major steps in a typical multiplex RNA amplification
and detection reaction.
In this example, a fusion transcript RNA is amplified by sequence-specific PCR primers.
One of the primers is 5’ modified with a biotin. Following hybridization on a capture
probe specific for the fusion transcript sequence, the PCR product is detected by
addition of labeled streptavidin (SAPE).
For the detection step, Signature products utilize medium-density liquid bead array
chemistry to provide a very sensitive method for multiplex detection of RNA or DNA
targets. Each reaction is a bioassay on the surface of a color-coded bead that is
uniquely identified by a red:infrared dye ratio, for a total of 100 different beads
available per reaction (Figure 3). Each of these color-coded beads can be covered
with a covalently attached sequence-specific capture probe. When a nucleic acid
sequence is amplified by PCR utilizing biotin-labeled primers or dNTPs,
a biotinylated PCR product is created. This PCR product can then hybridize to the
color-coded bead via the sequence-specific capture probes.
Figure 3: Principle of Multiplex Bead-Based Hybridization for Signature Assays.
The PCR products bound on each unique bead are subsequently labeled by streptavidin-phycoerythrin
(SAPE) and detected by two lasers as the beads pass through the flow cell of the
Luminex platform (Figure 4). The red laser identifies the color-coded bead, which
specifies the capture probe. The green laser then detects the median fluorescence
intensity (MFI) generated by the bound SAPE and reports whether a given PCR product
is bound to a specific probe. By multiplexing the PCR reaction and the number of
unique beads used, this format allows for detection of up to 100 individual analytes
in a single well.
Figure 4: Principle of Multiplex Bead-Based Detection for Signature Assays.
In conclusion, Signature® technology provides comprehensive information in a single
well, reducing the need for and cost of maintaining numerous platforms and assays.
Signature® assays have simple workflows, and require minimal hands on time, with
an average time to result of less than 6 hours. Signature® products utilizing this
technology include assays for the detection of transcripts involved in leukemia such
as the Signature® LTx (Leukemia Translocation Panel)(RUO)* and the Signature® NPM1 (RUO)*,
and assays for the detection of gene mutations commonly found in solid tumors, such as
Signature® KRAS/BRAF Mutations (RUO)*
* For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.